Analysis of Ainsworth´s Strange Situation - 773 Words

Ainsworth’s study â€Å"Strange Situation† showed that bonding between mother and infant has an effect on the infant’s behavior and development. How mother’s respond to their infant’s signals is major in the development of mother and infant relationships. Ainsworth study investigated how attachments might vary between children, the nature of attachment behaviors and styles of attachment. Ainsworth theory was to help prove validity to Bowlby’s attachment theory that infants who experienced a secure attachment â€Å"is likely to see attachment figures responsive, and helpful†. Ainsworth (1970) used experimental procedures in order to observe the variety of attachment forms exhibited between mothers and infants. Ainsworth used a sample of 100†¦show more content†¦Ainsworth analyzed her findings further and developed three types of attachment: secure, avoidant, and resistant. The secure type of child seeks protection or comfort from their mother. The secure type of infant uses the parent as a safety net to explore the environment and seek the attachment parent in times of distress (Main, Cassidy, 1988). The avoidant type of infant resist attention from their mother. The resistant type of infant tends to stay close to their mother (Fraley Spieker, 2003). Ainsworth’s theory about attachment has been found by many researchers to have validity. Many researchers have duplicated Ainsworth procedures in order to examine if there is any change over time between mother and child’s attachment styles. Many studies have shown validity to Ainsworth findings, such as: Toni Antonucci Mary Levitt (1984) they found consistency between attachment styles at 7 and 13 months. Main, Kaplan Cassidy (1985) assessed infants before 18 months and with both mothers and fathers and then followed up with them at the age of 6 and their findings were the same as Ainsworth. They found that 100% of the secure infants were still secure and 75% of the anxious-avoidant were still anxious-avoidant. Attachment Matters Ainsworth’s research along with other research has shown that the reward for a child during their first year of life is related to the cues from their parent.Show MoreRelatedA Study On Infant Mother Attachment1493 Words   |  6 PagesInfant-mother attachment was first proposed by Bowlby (1958) and was further explored by Ainsworth and Bell (1970) in a Strange Situation study where they categorized infant-mother attachment into three which are secure, avoidant and ambivalent. In this context, attachment can be defined as an interaction between a child and a mother which implies affections that is observable through the act of the child to seek for proximity or contact with the mother (Dallaire Weinraub, 2005). Nevertheless,Read MorePsychology is not just common sense1300 Words   |  6 PagesTheory was continued by Mary Ainsworth, who added greatly to the original concept of attachment discovered that the theory consisted of three main sub-behaviours or attachment styles, i.e. Secure, Ambivalent and Avoidant attachment. Her psychological methods and study, dubbed as Ainsworth’s â€Å"Strange Situation† in 1970, revealed the insightful results of attachment on behaviour. She observed children from the ages of twelve to eighteen months and their reactions to situations where they were left aloneRead MorePersonality Development By Mary D. Salter Ainsworth And John Bowlby1322 Words   |  6 Pagesplentiful. However, explanations have often proven to be disputable and researchers continue in their effort to determine how attachment develops and what factors influence such development. This brief critical analysis of An Ethological Approach to Personality Development by Mary D. Salter Ainsworth and John Bowlby explores their approach on attachment. Theoretical Basis For decades, attachment theorists have claimed to have the answers to how the connection between an infant and caregiver develops.Read MoreImportant Women Of History Of Psychology1460 Words   |  6 Pagesher interest in child psychoanalysis. And although she never pursued a higher degree her work piggy backed on the ideas of her father and contributed to child psychoanalysis. According to Cherry (2015) she states: She also expanded on her father s work and identified many different types of defense mechanisms that the ego uses to protect itself from anxiety. While Sigmund Freud described a number of defense mechanisms, it was his daughter Anna Freud who provided the clearest and most comprehensiveRead More Does attachment theory provide a sound basis for advice on how to brin2578 Words   |  11 Pagesresearch. Subsequent research has based measuring security and insecurity in a child from an early age using the Strange Situation Test. Other research has shown certain trends of difficult behaviour and how the child interacts with the caregiver actively. Bowlby’s theory was based on ideas from ethology and previous work, psychodynamic theory by Sigmund Freud, it was appropriate for the 1950’s after the 2nd World War when women were returning to household duties and motherhood as men returned to theirRead MoreFactors Influencing The Attachment Risk Model896 Words   |  4 Pagessecurely or insecurely attached based on maternal sensitivity, which therefore predicts long-term adverse behavioral outcomes. This analysis sets up and evaluates the attachment risk model. The attachment risk model is a single factor main effect model. The unit of analysis of the model is twofold. From the time of the child’s birth until two years of age, the unit of analysis is the mother and after two years, the child becomes the unit. The cause is seen as maternal sensitivity during the critical periodRead MoreJohn Bowlby s Theory Of Attachment1423 Words   |  6 Pagesof attachment asserts that an infant forms an attachment to the primary caregiver to ensure survival. Developmental psychologist Mary Ainsworth furthered this idea by devising attachment styles in infants. Ainsworth believed that the quality of care given by the mother or primary caregiver results in the infant developing a secure or insecure attachment. Ainsworth identified three attachment styles, namely; secure, avoidant and anxious/ambivalent attachments. As the word infers, a secure infant hasRead MoreThe Effects Of Maternal Reflective Functioning On Infant Mother Attachment Essay1918 Wor ds   |  8 Pagesfear, the attachment behavioral system is activated and motivates the infant to seek out the caregiver for protection, comfort, and support. Ainsworth, Blehar, Waters Wall (1978) conducted an empirical study known as the â€Å"Strange Situation† to assess infants and toddlers’ responses to strangers and to a brief separation from their mother. Ainsworth et al. (1978) categorized infants according to their responses to one of three categories: â€Å"securely† attached children were upset by the mother’sRead MoreThis Paper Investigates The Application Of Attachment Theory2882 Words   |  12 PagesThis paper investigates the application of Attachment Theory to the study of infants with sensory-motor disabilities. It first summarizes the tenets of classic Attachment Theory as developed by Bowlby and Ainsworth in the second half of the twentieth century. Next, it argues that some of the underlying assumptions of the canonical form of Attachment Theory need to be revised in light of feminist and cultural critiques and work in Disability Studies in order to develop more appropriate metrics andRe ad MorePerspectives on Individual Development and Change Essay2500 Words   |  10 PagesThe aim of this assignment is to provide a critical analysis of theory in relation to psychological and emotional impact and its application to social work. I will look at the psychological and emotional impacts in relation to discriminatory and oppressive constructions in order to develop and demonstrate my understanding of social work within a multicultural diverse society. I have chosen internal working model and within this attachment theory as a psychological theory, widely used within social

Grace Millan . Mrs. Schroeder . Ap Literature And...

Grace Millan Mrs. Schroeder AP Literature and Composition January 3 2017 The Awakening: 2014 Prompt In The Awakening by Kate Chopin, Edna Pontellier is a housewife who spend her days chatting with friends and going to the beach in Grand Isle, Louisiana. She feels empty, and almost like an object, whose sole purpose is to satisfy the needs of her family. However, after a summer on Grand Isle, she begins to express her feelings and desires with the help of her friends and the surrounding Creole culture. Edna eventually undergoes a massive transformation during which she discovers what she is really passionate about and begins to do what she wants, when she wants, without the limitations of her husband or children. However during this†¦show more content†¦However, all the time she spends listening to piano playing, is time she is not spending with her children or husband and neglecting her social duties. They become so distanced around this time that they are not even sleeping in the same bed and barely even see each other. This demonstrates that all of Edna’s creative ventures have come at a price, her marriage, but she values her self expression so much that she does not seem to mind. Edna’s sacrifice of her family also illuminates one of her main values, freedom. In the beginning of the novella, Edna is reserved and demure. However her friendship with Adele Ratignolle encourages her to follow the creole style of expression and become more open and candid with her actions and voice. The friendship helps her learn to value herself as a person with real emotions, rather than a piece of property for her husband. This marks the beginning of her awakening, as she becomes more open with her feelings, prompting her to further her relationship with Robert. They begin to move past the level of innocent flirtation the Creoles are accustomed to, against the advice of Adele, leading Edna to a new sexual freedom as she continuously chooses to spend her time with Robert rather than her family. However, perhaps one of the most prominent examples of Edna’s high value of freedom comes at the very end

A necessary Evil Free Essays

I am completely against the proliferation of supermax prisons. Despite the fact that these people who are put in there are put with a reason I still think that this is not a final solution but instead it is a beginning of a bigger problem. The fact that these prisoners will one day be set free and come to join us is actually threatening after looking at the effects these super max prisons have on the victims. We will write a custom essay sample on A necessary Evil or any similar topic only for you Order Now I will want to discuss the effects of these as analyzed in `A Necessary Evil? ` By Vince Beiser These super max prisons are turning prisoners into mental cases; the set up of these prisons is very different in terms of isolation and activities. Unlike other prisons including Maximum security prisons where inmates can play basketball, work in the laundry room or in the dining room, the super max prison one can hardly take in to any activity, there aren’t any jobs, nothing educational. You are left alone and there is no human contact! One is locked in a room of 8 – by – 10 foot almost the whole time. One can not even see other prisoners or the prison guards. It is truly a cage of isolation. These places are meant for those prisoners who commit crimes while in prison and therefore can be as ‘prison in prison’ When one is left in such isolation for a long period, a lot of things are likely to happen affecting especially the psychology of the victim. ‘Psychiatrists, activists and some correctional officials say the intense isolation of supermaxes is producing prisoners who are uncontrollably furious and sometimes violently deranged. Most of those Prisoners will one day be set free. In the past three years, in fact, Nearly 1,000 California SHU inmates at the end of their sentences were moved to less-restrictive prisons for just a few weeks, and then released’. As seen from Dr. Stuart study of effects of solitary confinement for a period longer than two decades, the examination was on more than one hundred super max prisons and his conclusion was: super max can literally drive inmates crazy. The fact that there are many cases of people who never suffered psychiatric illnesses but once they went through super max prisons they developed such illness. This is enough good prove that these institutions are doing more harm than good. People going through these institutions are expected to come out worse than they were in the beginning. Dr Terry Kupers, a psychiatrist based in Oakland who has many years of experience in prison work had this to say â€Å"I’ve almost never seen self-mutilation among adult males anywhere else, but it’s very common in SHUs.† At the landmark Madrid v. Gomez federal trial in 1995 over conditions at Pelican Bay, even the prison’s senior staff psychologist acknowledged seeing psychiatric deterioration among some SHU prisoners. There are problems faced and experienced by the prison in the super max prisons such as hypersensitivity to external stimuli, paranoia and sometimes hallucinations. Prisoners some time develop panic attacks, hostile fantasies involving revenge, torture, mutulatuion and outbursts. This at times gets to higher extents and the prisoner can even gorge out their eyes, they can bite chucks of their own flesh†¦ The speech of one prisoner featured is â€Å"Matthew Lowe’ he confesses that in his years at the super max prison he only had a chance to speak to five or six people in the whole period of three years. He says that he just sat there and thought of doing something crazy all the time. He has known that since then he has become paranoid and jumpy; ‘†So many times I’ve come so close to snapping since I got out,† he says. â€Å"One time in a store, someone cut in front of me in line—a 50-year-old guy, I don’t think he even realized it. I had to catch myself, because my first thought was just to smash him.† An interview conducted to the other prisoners of the regular prisons support the fact that those in the supermax prisons are getting damaged psychologically was by Dr. Grassian. Almost all the inmates interviewed including one correctional officer admiited that other prisoners suffer serious mental deterioration in the SHU; they could be heard screaming, banging on doors cutting themselves. How to cite A necessary Evil, Papers

An Effective Counsellor free essay sample

Counsellors should continually assess their own feelings and needs to maintain an appropriate relationship with the client. There are issues that a counsellor should be aware of when doing a self-assessment; The counsellor should be aware of when they feel uncomfortable with a client or a topic being discussed. The counsellor must choose to either be honest with the discomfort of a situation or topic, or they may refer the client to another counsellor. The counsellor should be aware of their own avoidance strategies. The counsellor must be able to recognize when they avoid certain topics, or allow distractions and then find an effective way to facilitate help appropriately. The counsellor should be able to recognize when they are trying to control a situation. It is important that the counsellor engage in responsive listening so that theyre not controlling the communication process. The counsellor must remind themselves continuously that any issue being discussed has many perspectives and that theirs may be different, from that of the clients. We will write a custom essay sample on An Effective Counsellor or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It is important not to express whether the clients view is right or wrong. The counsellor must avoid being omnipotent. It is not the counsellors job to make the client better. It is the counsellors job to help facilitate the client in addressing and resolving the issues. It is also important that the counsellor identifies and responds to positive feelings, and that they dont just focus on negative ones. This provides balance for the client and allows them to amplify positive strengths in their lives. Lastly, the counsellor must keep in mind to never ask a question, or discuss a 1 topic that you would not be able to discuss in a similar situation. These issues should always be addressed when a Counsellor is engaging in a self-assessment. By completing a self-assessment I was able to address my values, skills, attributes and my interests. I identified that while I am not a judgemental person, I do hold values that if not addressed prior to a situation could cause myself to become close-minded and that would ultimately put a barrier up in my ability to help the client. I also was able to identify how I can use my skills and attributes to counsel my clients in a positive manner. I have identified that I try to find a positive in all situations but I dont ever be-little the seriousness of the topic at hand. With a self-assessment I am able to recognize when and how to communicate appropriately with a client. The individuals I support will be able to discuss issues with me and feel comfortable knowing that I dont judge or assume things about them. Both my verbal and non-verbal skills will make this evident to the client. As a registered Developmental Service Worker I could be taking on a role as a counsellor where self-assessment is crucial as it is important to be able to identify when or if I am not dealing with a situation or topic appropriately. I will use the skill of self-assessment in any other role whether that be taking on a position as a Personal Support Worker or working in a group home. It is important that I am able to identify my strengths and weaknesses when it comes to helping a client and that I am able to do so in a way that is prudent. It is also important to continually perform a self-assessment as situations change or evolve. A counsellor who understands how they communicate and who has self-awareness is likely to be more effective in helping the client, then those who are not aware of these issues. Counsellors who are able to identify aspects such as if a topic being discussed makes them feel uncomfortable, if the topic goes against their own values or beliefs, if it is causing different emotions in themselves and why that may be, if they are projecting these feelings and whether or not they are really listening to the 2 client. Continual self-awareness is crucial to the development of the counsellor and their ability to help the client.